Dr. David Greenberg emphasized that most pediatric CAP cases are viral and self-limiting. A 5-day course of high-dose amoxicillin was shown to be as effective as 10 days. He urged clinicians to avoid overtreatment, rely more on clinical signs than imaging, and consider withholding antibiotics in mild cases, promoting stewardship and better patient outcomes.

The INF-ACT Pediatric Network enables early detection of emerging infectious threats in children across Italy. Through real-time data sharing, biobanking, and monthly clinical reviews, it identified outbreaks like pertussis and myocarditis. With 12 centers enrolled, it supports faster response than traditional systems and aims to expand collaboration across Europe.

Children with severe neonatal morbidity (SNM) in the first 27 postnatal days had a 6-fold higher mortality risk from infancy to adolescence (aHR 5.92). Mortality was 1.81 vs. 0.31 person-years in those with and without SNM. Neurological conditions posed the greatest risk (aHR 17.6), with female children and those born at term facing higher risk. SNM also raised infection- and disorder-related mortality.

High systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI; ≥ 1.16 × 10⁹/L) in patients with acute coronary syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea raised the risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, including cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, stroke, and ischemia-related revascularization (HR 1.44). The risk remained elevated even after adjusting for confounders, highlighting SIRI as a prognostic marker.

The Target Trial Emulation study revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) lowered the risk of composite outcomes (decompensation, HCC, liver-related death, aHR 0.70), and all-cause death (aHR 0.43) in patients with harmful alcohol use. Semaglutide (1 mg/week dose) further reduced these risks (aHR 0.50; aHR 0.33). GLP-1 RA use also decreased the odds of persistent harmful drinking (aOR 0.75).

Helicobacter pylori infection heightened the likelihood of colorectal cancer by over two-fold (OR 2.57) & advanced adenoma risk by nearly two-fold (OR 1.94), a large study noted. Adenoma risk was also higher (OR 1.37). Meta-analysis of 55 studies further confirmed this association (OR 1.59 for cancer; OR 1.47 for adenoma). Anti-H. pylori treatment showed a protective effect against colorectal neoplasia risk (OR 44).