Dr. David Greenberg emphasized that most pediatric CAP cases are viral and self-limiting. A 5-day course of high-dose amoxicillin was shown to be as effective as 10 days. He urged clinicians to avoid overtreatment, rely more on clinical signs than imaging, and consider withholding antibiotics in mild cases, promoting stewardship and better patient outcomes.

The INF-ACT Pediatric Network enables early detection of emerging infectious threats in children across Italy. Through real-time data sharing, biobanking, and monthly clinical reviews, it identified outbreaks like pertussis and myocarditis. With 12 centers enrolled, it supports faster response than traditional systems and aims to expand collaboration across Europe.

Patients with polyvascular disease (PD) hospitalized for diabetic foot ulcers experienced worse outcomes, including higher rates of inpatient major adverse cardiovascular events or death (12.5% vs. 4.4% without PD), vascular interventions (42% vs. 19.4%), amputations (67.4% vs. 48.4%), and 1-year mortality (33.0% vs. 12.1%). Median survival was also markedly lower in PD patients (2.0 vs. 5.9 years).

In a long-spanning study involving 284,544 adults, each ten-unit increase in PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, and NOx was associated with a greater risk of psoriasis by 95.7%, 19.7%, 9.0%, and 4.4%, respectively. Air pollutants also accelerated biological aging, with a one-year rise in phenotypic age increasing psoriasis risk by 5%. Aging mediated 5.96%-13.86% of pollution’s impact.

In patients with operable human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), sarcopenia trajectories after treatment forecasted poorer survival. Those who had sarcopenia or progressed to sarcopenia had over twice the risk of death (HR 2.08-3.05) and disease-free survival (HR 1.79-2.12) versus consistently non-sarcopenic patients, highlighting sarcopenia’s value as a prognostic biomarker.

In patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), antiviral therapy after curative surgery or ablation reduced late recurrence risk. Study analysis showed improved recurrence-free survival at 6 and 12 months (HR 0.75 and 0.62, respectively). The second peak of recurrence declined in those with greater antiviral use, suggesting antiviral therapy’s role in preventing delayed relapses.