This infographic covers the key changes in GOLD 2025 Report published for guidance on management of COPD.

The consensus on atopic dermatitis (AD) recommends moisturizers and emollients as the cornerstone of care, with topical corticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) as first-line options, and cyclosporin preferred for systemic treatment. Alternatives for severe cases include phototherapy, adjuvant therapy, apremilast, and off-label biologics.

A decade-long study found that female sex, older age, diabetes, elevated BMI, lower diastolic BP, and higher cystatin C levels were linked to chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Elevated BMI and female sex predict the onset of CMP a decade later. Those who remained pain-free for 10 years had the lowest BMI and highest diastolic BP, while those with persistent pain had higher levels of cystatin C and BMI.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A1 have emerged as strong prognostic indicators for overall and disease-free survival in cancer patients. In a large-scale meta-analysis with over 85,000 cancer patients, elevated levels of these lipids were linked to improved outcomes, while no significant relationship was found with LDL-C, triglycerides, or apolipoprotein B.

In extremely preterm children (<28 weeks’ gestational age), a history of moderate-to-severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (stages ≥2) increased the likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by nearly threefold, even after adjusting for sex and gestational age. ASD developed in 27% of those with moderate-to-severe ROP (stages ≥2) compared to 10% in children with no or mild ROP.

In pregnant women with pre-existing asthma, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increased the odds of asthma flare-ups during pregnancy by 36% (aOR 1.36), but had no impact postpartum. Alarmingly, each doubling of blood glucose levels was tied to a twofold increase in the risk of exacerbations (aOR 2.02). Other factors, including pre-pregnancy asthma flare-ups and older age, also contributed to the heightened risk.